Chapter 54 part 2 - The Barren Becomes Fertile.
In 51 & 52 The LORD revealed Himself as the LORD the Jews wanted, but refused to believe in Him. In Chapter 53 The LORD reveals The Messiah they needed, not the messiah they looked for or wanted.
We know as a nation the Jews rejected the Messiah they sent to the cross. (De 21:23, Galatians 3:13)
The nation of Israel once again contented with their Maker on His choice of a shepherd. 45:9&10 all over again. The LORD knew this was going to happen.
Isa 54:1 ¶ Sing, O barren, thou that didst not bear; break forth into singing, and cry aloud, thou that didst not travail with child: for more are the children of the desolate than the children of the married wife, saith the LORD.
Sarah is the mother of the nation of Israel, Hagar is the mother of nations that oppressed Israel.
Remember Chapter 50 lesson- The LORD tells Judah that He has not put them away as He had the northern kingdom (Jeremiah 3:8) The Law of Divorcement
Only about 43,000 returned to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple as Cyrus decreed. (From Judah)
The a few chose to be identified as children of the barren who not put away by The LORD, the many chose to remain as children of the one put away by The LORD - spiritual desolation.
*The barren is the nation of Israel, Jerusalem in particular (verses 54:11-12) - These verses speak of That Day when the Jerusalem that now is with the new Jerusalem from above. So 54:1 is speaking of the Jerusalem that was at the time after
1) They rejected the decree of Cyrus (40-45)
2) They refused to believe The LORD of Isaiah was the LORD they wanted (51:9-11)
3) They refuse the LORD they needed (53)
Barren - This is the spiritual condition of Jerusalem in the past and present - Barren will break forth in singing in the Jerusalem of That Day. - In That Day there will still be only a remnant.

Isa 51:2 Look unto Abraham your father, and unto Sarah that bare you: for I called him alone, and blessed him, and increased him.
Abraham & Sarah were the examples of someone with believing faith that was accounted unto righteousness.
Heb 11:10 For he looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God.
Heb 11:11 Through faith also Sara herself received strength to conceive seed, and was delivered of a child when she was past age, because she judged him faithful who had promised.
Galatians 4 uses the story of Abraham, Sarah and Hagar to teach the difference between being born after the flesh and being born of the promise or Spirit. Isaac was the son of promise, Ishmael was the son of Hagar, an Egyptian bond woman, was the son of the flesh. Paul was dealing with Christians in Galatia who were being seduced into leaving the freedom of salvation by grace and placing themselves back under the bondage of the law. The LORD here addressing those Jews who chose to remain in captivity instead of returning to Jerusalem.
Isaiah 30:1 ¶ Woe to the rebellious children, saith the LORD, that take counsel, but not of me; and that cover with a covering, but not of my spirit, that they may add sin to sin:
Isaiah 31:1 ¶ Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help; and stay on horses, and trust in chariots, because they are many; and in horsemen, because they are very strong; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, neither seek the LORD!
The LORD is stating that there were many more who chose to give up the covering of His Spirit and live after the flesh. Only about 43,000 from the kingdom of Judah chose to follow The LORD's shepherd, Cyrus down the strait path to Jerusalem and proper worship. The rest chose to remain in the spiritual desolation, the flesh. Was it by chance that Hagar was Egyptian (Ishmael was half Egyptian) or was it by divine intervention? This is a picture of those vast majority Jews who would reject Christ at His first coming and chose to remain under the bondage of the law. [The barren woman should sing she bore no children of desolation. { is best to be a mother of no children or the mother of many whose end is desolation}]
Luke 21:23 But woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give suck, in those days! for there shall be great distress in the land, and wrath upon this people

*This verse is a summation of the nation of Israel, Judah in particular and specifically the city of Jerusalem.

Isaiah was given the opportunity to address their condition of their past, his present and their future.

In Luke 21:23 the future of the Jews is the great desolation of those days of the Tribulation which leads to That Day (Isaiah  10:20 ¶ And it shall come to pass in that day, that the remnant of Israel, and such as are escaped of the house of Jacob, shall no more again stay upon him that smote them; but shall stay upon the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth.) Why - [Isaiah 2:11; 4:2; 10:20; 10:27; 11:10; 12:4; 17:7] 

The main reason the heart of the nation - God’s Holy city of Jerusalem will be cleaned up, protected and glorified.

 

Verses 11-17 show that verse 54:1 is being addresses to His Holy City of "That Day" of Luke 21:23 leading to That Day of Isaiah 10:20 & 11:10 and Zechariah 14:16. Jerusalem during the 1000 Kingdom of Christ ending with the last stand of Satan and all who choose to follow him against God's holy city. Revelation 20.

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Verse 2 - Enlarge the place of thy tent, and let them stretch forth the curtains of thine habitations: spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes;
O Barren - Jerusalem, Israel - The married wife, mother of the few - expand the dwelling places, The remnant who believe - those who chose My Spirit instead of their sin, those who choose to stay upon the LORD instead of Egypt - make your tents so large that you will need longer cords and larger stronger stakes to withstand the weight. Why?
Verse 3 - For thou shalt break forth on the right hand and on the left; and thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles, and make the desolate cities to be inhabited.
1) The nation will grow in great number as The LORD promised (Gentiles not included)
Genesis 22:17 That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the stars of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the sea shore; and thy seed shall possess the gate of his enemies;
Hosea 1:10 Yet the number of the children of Israel shall be as the sand of the sea, which cannot be measured nor numbered; and it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said unto them, Ye are not my people, there it shall be said unto them, Ye are the sons of the living God. (The Gentiles are not the children of Israel)
2) the Gentile nations shall rush to Jerusalem worship, serve and provide for His People
Isa 11:10 ¶ And in that day there shall be a root of Jesse, which shall stand for an ensign of the people; to it shall the Gentiles seek: and his rest shall be glorious (Selah of the Psalms).

Isa 49:22-23 Thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I will lift up mine hand to the Gentiles, and set up my standard to the people: and they shall bring thy sons in their arms, and thy daughters shall be carried upon their shoulders. And kings shall be thy nursing fathers, and their queens thy nursing mothers: they shall bow down to thee with their face toward the earth, and lick up the dust of thy feet; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD: for they shall not be ashamed that wait for me.
Zechariah 14:16 ¶ And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and to keep the feast of tabernacles.
We have studied the desolation of Jerusalem during the 70 captivity of Babylon. Israel was a barren nation. This is a picture of the greater desolation of Jerusalem during the seven year Tribulation period. When is this going to happen - after "That Day", That day is seen five times in Zechariah 14 before verse 16. After The Lord returns and destroys those who come to fight against the Jews the remnant of the population Jews and Gentiles escape into the 1000 year reign of Christ where the nation of Israel will be fed and nurtured by The Holy One Of Israel. The gentile nations will serve God's chosen people and all must come to Jerusalem to worship The Lord God Of Israel. This is not the merger of the Jewish church and the New Testament gentile church. The Church is removed before the seven year Tribulation period and is in the presence of The King.
Isaiah 60:16 Thou shalt also suck the milk of the Gentiles, and shalt suck the breast of kings: and thou shalt know that I the LORD am thy Saviour and thy Redeemer, the mighty One of Jacob.

Isaiah  61:6 But ye shall be named the Priests of the LORD: men shall call you the Ministers of our God: ye shall eat the riches of the Gentiles, and in their glory shall ye boast yourselves.
Jeremiah 3:14-19 note verse 16 - In Those Days
Psalm 53:6 Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion! When God bringeth back the captivity of his people, Jacob shall rejoice, and Israel shall be glad.
Ps 113:9 He maketh the barren woman to keep house, and to be a joyful mother of children. Praise ye the LORD.
Verses 4-5 The Lord comforts those who believe - the remnant - Fear not, their shame of the past will be removed and forgotten, their barren past will be forgotten - why can they stay upon this promise - because they are marred to Their Maker - Their LORD - Their Redeemer - The Holy One Of Israel - Through the believing remnant of His people - He will be seen as the God of the whole earth. Verse 5 make it clear who the barren is in verse one is barren Judah & Israel who is the married woman with the few children who believe.
 Could this be the New Heaven & Earth. Christ sitting upon the throne in Jerusalem high and lifted up. The Church ruling and reigning with HIM. The Gentile nations nurturing The Nation of Israel because through them came the One sitting upon the throne with the nail pierced hands.. - O what a glorious Day That will be, Jesus IS COMING AGAIN!!

Verse 4 Fear not - Why

Verse 5 - For Their Maker, the Holy One Of Israel is their husband (Judah was not divorced (50:1)

Verse 6 - For The LORD, Their Maker called Judah a woman forsaken, and grieved in spirit (remember the humiliation of being a woman never gave birth - The LORD recognized Judah spiritual barrenness, yet He also thought of Judah as a wife of youth -

 

Verse 7-8 For The wife of youth will be forsaken only for a short time, His wrath is not going to be toward Judah forever and will they will gathered in His great mercy - They are going to partake of the abundant mercy of their Maker, Their Husband. - The LORD will again remember them as a husband remembers the wife of his youth.  (what follows God's pouring out of mercy upon someone - redemption.)

Verse 9-10 They can fear not because The LORD has now promised that when they are restored He will bring no more pour His wrath upon them just as He  promised Noah never be another flood like the one you experienced. The mountains and hill will be moved and flattened but this covenant of peace will never be removed for the remnant.

Matthew 24:35,mark 13:31 & Luke21:33  Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away.

This covenant is in that day - The New Heaven and New Earth. Here is why I say this.

Verse 11-17 describes the coming of Israel's enemies. They live in peace for the 1000 year kingdom. Jerusalem is rebuilt in beauty At the end we know Satan gathers many again to come against Jerusalem and they are destroyed. He created what it takes to make weapons of war. Can a weapon be created be mightier than the Creator, Their Maker

Verse 17 the end of those who believe, who serve His Righteousness applied, their belief is accounted unto them as righteousness.

Fear not those who believe - I, The LORD, The I AM, has given you my promise.

Revelation 21:7-8 He that overcometh shall inherit all things; and I will be his God, and he shall be my son.
But the fearful, (See why Fear not in 54:4) and unbelieving, and the abominable, and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second death

Read all of Revelation 21 - and think of 54:2 the enlarging of the tents.

When the nation of Israel rejected their Messiah at His first coming they now remain in spiritual desolation until That Day when their is no more curse (Revelation 22:3)